IRS “Dirty Dozen” Tax Scams

Important Warnings Every Taxpayer Should Know

Each year, the IRS publishes a list of the most common and dangerous tax scams targeting taxpayers during filing season. Known as the “Dirty Dozen,” this list highlights schemes designed to steal personal information, refund money, and tax identity data. These scams often become more aggressive during tax season when criminals know taxpayers are interacting with the IRS and sharing sensitive information.

Understanding the IRS Dirty Dozen helps protect your personal information and prevent refund fraud.

What Is the IRS “Dirty Dozen”?

The IRS Dirty Dozen is an annual list of the top twelve most widespread or harmful tax-related scams. These scams include:

• identity theft
• phishing emails
• refund fraud
• impersonation calls
• fake IRS messages
• tax preparer scams
• abusive tax shelters

The IRS updates the list each year based on new tactics criminals are using.

Common Dirty Dozen Scams

Some of the most common scams include:

Phishing Attempts

Emails, links, or text messages pretending to be from the IRS, asking for personal information.

IRS Impersonation

Phone calls claiming to be from IRS agents demanding immediate payment.

Fake Refund Claims

Scammers promise large refunds by claiming fake credits or deductions.

Identity Theft

Criminals steal Social Security numbers and file tax returns before the real taxpayer does.

Ghost Tax Preparers

Unregistered preparers who file fraudulent returns without signing the return as required by law.

Social Media Fraud

Scammers use social media to steal identity information or encourage false credits and dependents.

Newer Scams Include Online Account Takeovers

More scams involve attempting to access IRS Online Account information, including:

• passwords
• login credentials
• transcript data

Criminals use this information to hijack refunds and commit tax fraud.

Many Scams Target Refund Season

Criminals operate most aggressively during refund season when taxpayers are waiting for:

• refund dates
• transcript updates
• direct deposits
• IRS notices

Fraudsters count on this urgency to trick victims into sharing personal data.

Warning Signs of a Scam

Be cautious if someone:

• contacts you unexpectedly about taxes
• asks for banking information
• requests payment through prepaid cards
• emails links claiming to be from IRS
• uses threatening language
• claims your refund is on hold
• demands personal data

The IRS does not contact taxpayers through email, text message, or social media for financial information.

IRS Will Not Ask for Payment by Gift Card

The IRS never asks for:

• prepaid cards
• gift cards
• cryptocurrency
• money transfers

These payment methods are major red flags.

How Taxpayers Can Protect Themselves

To avoid IRS scams:

• do not click suspicious links
• check exact website addresses
• do not share personal data online
• ignore threatening messages
• verify information directly with IRS
• use IRS.gov for all official resources

If you suspect a scam, contact the IRS directly or report the fraud to the appropriate agency.

The IRS “Dirty Dozen” tax scams list highlights the biggest threats taxpayers face each filing season. Criminals use aggressive tactics to steal refunds, personal information, or identity data. Awareness and careful action help you protect your tax return and prevent fraud.